Overview

Hair loss (hair loss) may only affect your scalp or entire body, and it can be temporary or permanent. It may be the result of genetics, hormonal changes, medical conditions, or normal aging. Anyone can experience hair loss, but it is more common in men.

Baldness usually refers to excessive hair loss on the scalp. As age increases, genetic hair loss is the most common cause of baldness. Some people prefer to have their hair loss left untreated and hidden. Others may use hairstyles, makeup, hats, or scarves to cover it up. Some people also choose a treatment method to prevent further hair loss or restore growth.

Symptoms

Male-pattern baldness

Female-pattern baldness

Patchy hair loss (alopecia areata)

Frontal fibrosing alopecia 

Hair loss can occur in various ways, depending on the cause. It may appear suddenly or gradually, affecting only your scalp or entire body.

The signs and symptoms of hair loss may include:

1. The top of the head gradually becomes thinner. This is the most common type of hair loss that affects people as they age. In males, hair usually begins to recede at the hairline on the forehead. Women's hair usually becomes wider. The increasingly common pattern of hair loss in elderly women is receding hairline (frontal lobe fibrosis hair loss).

2. Circular or patchy bald spots. Some people experience hair loss in circular or patchy bald spots on their scalp, beard, or eyebrows. Before hair falls out, your skin may itch or ache.

3. Suddenly loose hair. Physical or emotional impact can cause hair to loosen. When combing or washing hair, even after gentle pulling, there may be a small amount of hair loss. This type of hair loss usually leads to overall thinning of hair, but this is temporary.

4. Whole body hair loss. Certain situations and drug treatments, such as chemotherapy for cancer, may lead to systemic hair loss. Hair usually regrows.

Causes

People usually lose 50 to 100 hairs per day. This is usually not obvious because new hair grows out at the same time. When new hair cannot replace fallen hair, hair loss occurs.  

Hair loss is usually associated with one or more of the following factors:

1. Family history (genetics). The most common cause of hair loss is genetic diseases that occur with age. This condition is called androgenetic alopecia, male pattern baldness, and female pattern baldness. It usually occurs gradually in a predictable pattern - receding hairline and baldness in males, and thinning hair on the top of the scalp in females.

2. Hormonal changes and medical conditions. Various conditions can lead to permanent or temporary hair loss, including hormonal changes caused by pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, and thyroid problems. Medical conditions include alopecia areata (al-o-PEE-she-uh ar-e-A-tuh), which is related to the immune system and can lead to scalp infections such as patchy hair loss and ringworm, as well as a hair pulling disorder called trik-o-til-o-MAY-nee-uh.

3. Medications and supplements. Hair loss may be a side effect of certain medications, such as those used to treat cancer, arthritis, depression, heart disease, gout, and hypertension.

4. Head radiation therapy. Hair may not grow back like before.

5. A very tense event. Many people experience thinning of their hair after being physically or emotionally impacted for several months. This type of hair loss is temporary.

6. Hairstyle and care. Excessive or taut hairstyles, such as braids or corn braids, can lead to a type of hair loss called traction alopecia. Hot oil hair care and perm can also cause hair loss. If scars appear, hair loss may be permanent.

Risk factors

Many factors can increase the risk of hair loss, including:

* Your mother or father has a family history of baldness
* Age
* Significant weight loss
* Some diseases, such as diabetes and lupus
* Malnutrition

Prevention

Most baldness is caused by genetics (male pattern baldness and female pattern baldness). This type of hair loss cannot be prevented.

These suggestions can help you avoid preventable hair loss:

1. Be careful with your hair.

When using a combing device, avoid pulling and pulling while brushing and combing, especially when the hair is wet. A wide toothed comb may help prevent hair from being pulled out. Avoid harsh treatments such as hot rollers, curling irons, hot oil treatment, and permanent materials. Limit the tension on hair caused by hairstyles that use rubber bands, hair clips, and braids.

2. Ask your doctor about the medications and supplements you are taking that may cause hair loss.

3. Protect hair from sunlight and other ultraviolet radiation.

4. Quit smoking. Some studies suggest a correlation between smoking and male baldness.

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